Describe the basic principle behind ozonation in water treatment.

The basic principle behind ozonation in water treatment involves the use of ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent, to break down organic materials and destroy pathogens effectively. Ozone (O₃) is formed when oxygen molecules are subjected to a high-voltage discharge, creating a tri-oxygen molecule that possesses strong oxidation properties.

In the context of water treatment, when ozone is introduced into water, it reacts with various contaminants, including organic compounds and microorganisms. The oxidation process effectively degrades complex organic molecules into simpler, less harmful substances, aiding in the treatment of water. This not only improves water quality by removing undesirable organic matter but also actively kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, making the water safe for consumption.

This process is distinct from other potential treatments, as it does not merely neutralize chemicals like chlorine, soften water for taste, or filter out large particles. Instead, the unique capability of ozone to perform oxidation at various levels is what sets its role in water treatment apart.