What is the primary objective of coagulation and flocculation in water treatment?

The primary objective of coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is to remove particulate impurities, particularly nonsettle-able solids and color. During the coagulation process, chemicals known as coagulants are added to the water, which neutralize the charges of suspended particles, allowing them to clump together into larger aggregates called flocs. This aggregation makes it easier to remove these particles from the water during subsequent processes, such as sedimentation and filtration.

By targeting nonsettle-able solids, which do not settle out of the water easily due to their small size, coagulation and flocculation significantly improve water clarity and quality. Additionally, color can be associated with the presence of organic materials and other pollutants in the water. The removal of these impurities is crucial for producing safe drinking water and for meeting regulatory standards.

While other processes may alter temperature or chemical properties of water, the primary focus of coagulation and flocculation is firmly on enhancing the physical removal of suspended and colloidal impurities, making clean and clear water possible for consumption.